Hummingbirds of Hawaii

The oldest of the five Honolulu Botanical Gardens, Foster Botanical Garden was established on land gifted by Queen Kamamalu in 1850 and developed by German botanist William Hillebrand. It occupies 13.5 acres in downtown Honolulu and displays a mature, magnificent collection of tropical plants including rare palms, an outdoor butterfly garden, a Prehistoric Glen of cycads, and 20+ City-designated "Exceptional Trees" — some of the largest specimens of their kind in the United States. As a gateway garden in the heart of Honolulu, it showcases native Hawaiian flora including the loulu fan palm (*Pritchardia* spp.) — the only palm native to Hawaii.

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The only university-run botanical garden in the United States located in a tropical rainforest, Lyon Arboretum is tucked at the back of lush Mānoa Valley on Oʻahu, receiving an average of 165 inches of rain per year. Founded in 1918 and covering 200 acres, it holds more than 5,000 tropical plant species. Its Hawaiian Rare Plant Program — the only micropropagation lab of its kind — has conserved over 300 Hawaiian plant taxa and maintains 16,000+ individual plants of 160 native species. The ʻApapane is occasionally observed flying above the arboretum's ʻōhiʻa trees.

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Located in the most biodiverse corner of Kauaʻi's north shore, Limahuli Garden and Preserve is one of five gardens of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. It encompasses a 1,000-acre valley preserve with a 17-acre cultivated garden showcasing approximately 120 native and endemic Hawaiian plant species, many on the verge of extinction. The garden features ancient terraced loʻi (taro fields) carbon-dated to approximately 1,000 years old, organized into micro-gardens covering canoe plants and critically endangered endemic natives including the ʻālula and the kokiʻo keʻokeʻo white hibiscus.

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A 1,875-acre ahupuaʻa (traditional Hawaiian land division from mountain to sea) on Oʻahu's North Shore, Waimea Valley is both a world-class botanical garden and a living cultural landscape. The botanical garden spreads across 300 acres featuring over 50 plant collections across 60 themed gardens, with more than 3,000 documented species from 930 genera. The conservation team actively restores native forest on the valley's ridges, planting koa and ʻōhiʻa lehua. The valley is also home to an endangered population of approximately 15 ʻAlae ʻUla (Hawaiian Moorhen) in the wetland estuary — one of only ~500 remaining.

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